The An Nhien Spa example in the lecture uses hypothetical data. See general data under “Learning styles and cross-cutting situations”.
CHAPTER 01 · P01–P03
Marketing is a value creation system
Good workmanship, diligent posting, why is Spa still lacking customers?
After this chapter, you can
- Distinguish between Marketing, advertising and sales consulting.
- Identify a point that is interrupting the passenger journey.
- Describe how Spa creates value and achieves results.
Understanding the mechanism
Nature of Marketing
Marketing includes understanding needs, choosing who to serve, designing value, communicating, delivering experiences, and maintaining exchange relationships. Advertising helps customers know; Consulting helps customers make decisions; Service quality creates a basis for customers to return. Spa owners need to look at this whole chain of activities. [1]
Three types of results need to be distinguished
Activity is number of posts, number of videos, number of calls. Intermediate results are matching inquirers, appointment schedules, and arrivals. Business results are customers buying, the remaining money after costs and the ability of customers to continue choosing the Spa. Many activities are only meaningful when they support downstream results.
Go from symptoms to questions
“Spa absent” is a broad symptom. Ask: lack of people who know, few people ask, difficult to schedule, customers don't come, customers don't buy or rarely come back? A Spa that lacks appointment schedules needs a different approach than a Spa that has a full schedule but slow service. Staffing, budget and capacity limitations determine what should be done first.
Customers receive value at each step; Spa measures the results of the whole journey.
Application to Spa
Cross-cutting situation: An Nhien Spa
In this example, the Spa spends 12 million VND on Marketing over 30 days, receives inquiries from 200 different people, confirms 80 appointments, welcomes 60 arrivals and gains 30 first-time buyers. Looking only at 200 inquiries may make the team think the campaign succeeded. Looking only at 30 buyers still does not reveal where potential customers drop out.
Read a string of numbers
The rate of questions being scheduled is 80/200 = 40%; arrival schedule is 60/80 = 75%; to buy is 30/60 = 50%. The rate of inquiries into purchases across the chain is 15%. Each ratio answers a different question. The first thing is to agree on how to count, then check the problematic step and the possibility of improvement.
Discuss as an administrator
Don't conclude that advertising is bad just because many customers don't buy. Read what customers viewed, questions they asked, appointment schedules, and post-consultation feedback. An unclear promise can create false expectations from the start; A slow reception process can cause customers to lose even if the demand is appropriate.
Converted to decision
During the first week, the Spa owner assigns one person to compile data of the same group of guests and one person to read crash cases. Choose a point to verify, write down what will change and the review date. The next chapters will help you choose customers and design value before deciding to increase communication.
Practice sheet · Spa guest itinerary diagnostic sheet
- Services and guest groups are checking; specific observation period.
- Fill in the number of people who inquired / booked / came / bought / returned in the same way.
- Select a suspect point; Record the available evidence and what needs to be verified.
Required output: 01 journey map with data, 01 priority issue, 01 responsible person.
Action: Within 7 days: compare appointment books with inquiries and transactions; Record missing data before drawing conclusions.
Check your own understanding
Why can't the number of posts replace the number of buyers?
See suggested answer
Posting is active. Need to monitor how it creates suitable inquirers, appointments and transactions; The result also depends on many other steps.
Chapter 2 answers: What do people going through this journey really need?
CHAPTER 02 · P04–P07
Understand customers with evidence
The customer said "let me think", what are they worried about?
After this chapter, you can
- Distinguish between what guests say, what is observed, and the Spa's hypothesis.
- Use needs and insights to ask the right questions.
- Create a portrait of a group of guests based on interviews.
Understanding the mechanism
Demand is not just a skin problem
Customers can simultaneously want to take care of their skin, rest, feel secure about the process, be respected and not be pressured. Maslow poster helps expand the questioning angle. Don't use need strata to rank customers, infer ability to pay, or assume everyone has to go through the same buying process.
Insight is an explanation that needs to be tested
One observation was that “the customer asked for the duration three times”. One theory is that “clients are afraid of long care sessions”. Insight is useful when connecting context, desires, and barriers: “I want consistent care, but it's difficult to schedule it if I don't know exactly when it will be done.” Behavior must be questioned and tested before considering this hypothesis as the basis for strategy.
Research from recent experience
Ask customers to tell about the last time they found or used the service: where did they start, what did they compare, where did they get stuck, why did they choose or stop? Write down your answer verbatim and then group your ideas. Ask customers who have bought, have not bought and rarely return; Just asking loyal customers can easily paint a skewed picture of what the Spa is doing well.
Every guest hypothesis needs an observable signal and a way to test it.
Application to Spa
Example of interview at An Nhien
The hypothetical spa selects 10 short conversations: 4 customers have purchased, 3 people have not yet booked an appointment, and 3 customers rarely return. This is an exploratory study to find better questions, not representative of the entire market. Staff ask permission to take notes and only save information necessary for care purposes.
Four recommended questions
“When was the last time you looked for a Spa?”; “What options did you compare at that time?”; “What makes you undecided?”; “What kind of session would fit into your schedule?”. Avoid statements like "You like Spa on time, right?" because it's easy to get consent that has little value.
From words to testing
If many guests mention waiting, the Spa checks the appointment time and actual start time. Then try communicating the duration clearly with an appropriate team, following up with calendar confirmations and feedback. Customers praising the idea does not mean they will order or buy; need to monitor further behavior.
Usable guest portrait
A useful persona has the context of use, what the customer wants to accomplish, self-declared time and budget constraints, selection criteria, barriers, sources of information, and evidence. Age, occupation, or a memorable character name only aid in description; they are not a substitute for understanding motivation.
Practice sheets · Interview sheets and portraits of key guests
- Select a guest group; Write down the most recent situation that caused them to seek service.
- Record three verbatim statements, observations, and derived hypotheses.
- State an important barrier; Verification by behavior or data.
Required output: 01 customer portrait, 03 well-founded barriers, 01 hypothesis to test.
Action: During 7 days: conduct 5-10 exploratory conversations, including non-buyers; synthesized according to the same pattern.
Check your own understanding
Customers say they like a new package, is it enough for widespread deployment?
See suggested answer
Not yet. Needs, usage conditions, alternatives, and ordering or purchasing behavior should be examined in appropriate testing.
Chapter 3 uses this understanding to decide who the Spa should focus on serving.
CHAPTER 03 · P08–P11
Choose markets and position well
Who does the spa best serve and why should they choose you?
After this chapter, you can
- Use SWOT and 3Cs to organize evidence.
- Perform three segmentation decisions, targeting, positioning.
- Write a verifiable positioning statement.
Understanding the mechanism
SWOT: distinguish between internal and external
Strengths and weaknesses of Spa: skills, capacity, processes, data, resources. Environmental opportunities and threats: unmet needs, alternatives, competitors and behavioral changes. Each idea must have a basis. “Good service” is too general; Please clearly indicate which points customers rate well.
3C: find real competitive reasons
Compare what customers need, what the Spa does well, and how competitors are responding. Spas that do well and are valued by customers are not automatically different; Competitors can do the same. Check out the option of self-care at home or delay spending, as guests aren't just comparing between two spas.
From segmentation to positioning
Segmentation is the identification of groups with different needs or uses. Choosing a goal is deciding what the team will prioritize with realistic resources. Positioning is the meaning Spa wants to capture in that group's awareness. The three steps are related; Positioning sentences need to come from customer choice and response evidence. [2]
A clear strategy must say: who to prioritize, what value to create, and how to implement it.
Application to Spa
Example of An Nhien's choice
An Nhien is considering people who work in offices around the Spa, people who want to take care of themselves on the weekend, and people who regularly look for incentives. The team compares demand, accessibility, willingness to pay via exchange, peak capacity and cost to serve. These are three segmentation hypotheses, not market conclusions.
Using a simple matrix
Score each group according to three criteria: clear need, Spa's ability to meet, and promising economic efficiency. Record the evidence next to the score. A score of 1-5 can be given for discussion, but the score does not create the truth; Criteria and data determine the quality of selection.
Experimental positioning sentence
“An Nhien serves busy people around the area with skin care sessions with clear duration, cost and follow-up steps.” To use this sentence, the Spa must arrange a schedule that is close enough, have a consistent quote and perform real follow-up. If not met, the positioning statement becomes a requirement that needs to be completed in operation.
Check for differences
Ask customers what they remember after viewing the Spa's information and where they compare to other places. Check to see if direct competitors offer the same promise. “Reputable, dedicated, professional” only makes a difference when customers see concrete evidence in the process and experience.
Practice sheet · Customer selection sheet and positioning statement
- Record three guest groups; For each group, state appropriate needs and evidence.
- Select a priority group; Write down a strength, a weakness, an opportunity and a threat.
- Write positioning sentences; State the evidence and a competing option to compare.
Required output: 01 priority customer group, 01 short SWOT, 01 positioning statement with evidence.
Action: In 7 days: talk to target customers and compare 3-5 options they really consider.
Check your own understanding
Competitors are also "dedicated", can Spa see that as a difference?
See suggested answer
Not yet. It is necessary to identify the specific service behavior or outcome that customers value and that competing options do not yet provide equivalent results.
Chapter 4 turns positioning into a service and experience that guests can perceive.
CHAPTER 04 · P12–P19
7P experience and service value design
What do guests see that is worth the money they pay?
After this chapter, you can
- Connect needs, worries and desires with the value the Spa provides.
- Distinguishing 3 value classes and 5 value levels.
- Review a service using the 7Ps and service costs.
Understanding the mechanism
The value map starts from the guest
Record what the client wants accomplished, what causes discomfort or risk, and what results they expect. Then compare services, how to reduce barriers and how to create additional benefits. Maps are useful when the two sides match the evidence; There is no need to serve everyone's wishes. [3]
3 layers and 5 levels are two ways of looking at it
Three layers help separate core benefits, existing services, and added value. The five levels further analyze basic service, what customers expect, what exceeds expectations, and the possibility of future development. Do not add them up to eight levels. Get the basics and expectations right before promising more.
7P keeps its promise consistently
The seven elements include service, price, approach, communication, people, process and tangible evidence. Let's test them on a selected group of guests: does the recommendation match the duration, price quote, staff and service? The 7Ps are a consistency testing framework, not seven advertising channels. [4]
The value the customer receives must be seen in the promise, implementation, and follow-up after the session.
Application to Spa
A hypothetical service in An Nhien
60-minute skin care package priced at 600,000 VND. The core benefit is a care experience that is consistent and easy to fit into a busy schedule. Existing services include duration, operations, products and practitioners according to the spa's scope of expertise. Added value can be post-session guidance and on-demand calendar reminders.
Check promises using 7P
If the media says "costs are clear", the price list and consultation must be consistent. If we say "on time", the schedule requires preparation time and is slow to process. If you say "follow up after the session", someone must accept the task and save the feedback. Pictures of beautiful rooms support trust but do not replace the implementation process.
Calculate the remaining amount
Internal example for lesson: net price is 600,000 VND, variable costs are 240,000 VND per customer, remaining 360,000 VND before Marketing and fixed costs. A discount of 100,000 VND while the cost remains the same brings this balance to 260,000 VND. To keep the same contribution level requires about 38.5% more purchases; Is capacity allowed?
Connection to retail
When consulting on products for home use, clarify needs, usage, capacity, cost and appropriate limits. Track sales after discounts, cost of goods, returns and repurchases. A large bill that a customer doesn't understand how to use can reduce long-term trust.
Practice sheet · Sheet for designing a service according to 7P
- Guest group; core benefits; a barrier; how the service resolves.
- Record the commitment of each P: service / price / access / communication / people / process / evidence.
- Actual prices, variable costs, contribution balance; things that need to be completed before communication.
Required output: 01 clear service description, 01 7P voucher, 01 effective calculation per purchase.
Action: In 7 days: try out the entire process as a new customer and fix the three points of the promise that do not match the experience.
Check your own understanding
Should gifts be given priority when the price and duration are unclear to the customer?
See suggested answer
It is necessary to clarify the basic services and expectations in advance. Added value is only effective when the experience platform is trustworthy.
Chapter 5 translates designed services into goals, budgets, and plans.
CHAPTER 05 · P20–P23
Setting goals and planning Marketing
What number do you want to change next month and by what means?
After this chapter, you can
- Write a SMART goal with a current milestone and responsible person.
- Match the target to the trip and power assumptions.
- 30-day planning for a service.
Understanding the mechanism
The goal starts from the status quo
“Increased recognition” or “more customers” do not indicate how to accept it. A goal should state the service, customer group, metrics, current level, target level and deadline. The person in charge must know which data source is used to complete the conclusion. SMART helps clarify this; Feasibility must be based on actual resources.
Distinguish between strategy, tactics and action
Strategy is about choosing a customer group and how to create an advantage. Tactics are the combination of services, channels, content and offers to make that choice. Actions are specific things with people and deadlines: fix the service page, make three videos, check scheduling. A posting list cannot replace a strategy.
Planning as a system of assumptions
Estimated number of inquiries, appointments, arrivals and buyers; State the conversion rate used for calculation. Record cost ceilings, appropriate hourly capacity, and stop or adjustment conditions. Good planning allows learning from unexpected outcomes, because all initial assumptions are visible.
A plan must connect goals, customer selection, employment, resources, and control.
Application to Spa
An Nhien's illustration objective
During the next 30-day test cycle, increase first-time buyers of key services from 30 to 40, total Marketing expenditure should not exceed 12 million VND. This is a target for testing, not a definitive prediction. Spa must verify needs and ability to arrange sufficient schedules before assigning targets.
Read back from target
If 50% of arriving customers buy, 80 arrivals are needed. If 75% of appointments result in arrivals, at least 107 appointments are needed. If 40% of inquiries turn into appointments, about 268 inquiries are needed. If the Spa can serve only 70 additional visits, this plan exceeds capacity; adjust the target, processes or resources.
Budget allocation with explanation
In the example, 12 million includes 8 million paid media, 3 million content, and 1 million tools and tracking. This is an assumed structure for the exercise, not a standard ratio for all Spas. Expenditures must have a keeper, documents and time of inspection.
30-day implementation schedule
Week 1: customer verification and package finalization. Week 2: complete the content, service page and try booking on the phone. Week 3: limited rollout, checking for feedback every day. Week 4: compare results, costs and capacity; Decide whether to continue, edit or stop each part.
Practice sheet · 30-day plan for a service
- Current status; SMART goals; measuring source; duration; responsible person.
- Reverse calculation of required number of inquirers/appointments/arrivals; Compare capacity.
- Record four weekly milestones, expenditure ceiling, adjustment conditions and evaluation meeting date.
Required output: 01 30-day plan with data, budget, assignments and inspection criteria.
Action: In 7 days: lock in baseline data and test at least three of the plan's most important assumptions.
Check your own understanding
If we increase the customer target without increasing the capacity, what should we check?
See suggested answer
Check required arrivals, available hours, established conversion rate and service quality. Do not default to every rate increasing as desired.
Chapter 6 select channels and content to bring the right people on the designed journey.
CHAPTER 06 · P24–P31
Multi-channel Marketing content and system
What step is each channel helping customers take?
After this chapter, you can
- Assign clear roles to the attraction channel, explanation place, and scheduling place.
- Design content according to customer questions.
- Connecting online journeys with spa experiences.
Understanding the mechanism
Consistent with the itinerary
Customers can watch videos, view service pages, ask acquaintances before sending messages. Keep the service name, benefits, price, and duration consistent across these points. Multi-channel is only valuable when it helps customers learn and move conveniently; The number of channels must match the working capacity of the team.
Use 5A in the correct range
In Marketing 4.0, the 5A's describe know, be attracted, learn, act and recommend. Guests can go back or skip some steps. The wheels and Digital task groups on the poster are a way to organize applications for Spa, not a list that must be fully implemented from the beginning. [5]
The content resolves an obstacle
Good content answers a real question, has relevant evidence, and suggests a next step. Created content that can explain common situations; Content considerations need value, scope, process and cost; The scheduling content needs a clear contact method and time.
Each channel has a role; Every touchpoint delivers on the same promise.
Application to Spa
Three channel roles in An Nhien
Attractive role: short content from questions from busy customer groups. Role explained: service page with duration, cost, process, and frequently asked questions. Transition role: the conversation helps confirm needs and schedule availability. Spas choose platforms based on where guests actually use them; The lesson is not to assume that one platform is always best.
Example content structure
Open with the question: “Does a care session take all evening?”. Explain how the Spa arranges a 60-minute session and what guests need to prepare. Include actual schedules, space photos, and verified cost information. End with an invitation to see a suitable time or discuss before booking.
From post to complete experience
Open the post on your phone, click on the service page, try calling or texting and make an appointment yourself. Check photos, text, loading time, price information and recipient. Good content still loses effectiveness if the link leads to a page that lacks information or has no response.
Limited measurement and data coordination
Record the client's self-declared source, available channel trace, and pin source to understand the path. A guest appearing in multiple channels is only counted once in the total new guests. Numbers displayed on the Spa's platform and transactions may vary due to recording methods; Need to unify rules before comparing effectiveness.
Worksheet · Channel role sheet and test content schedule
- Select up to three channel roles: engage / explain / schedule; Name the person in charge.
- Write down three questions frequently asked by customers; For each sentence, state the content, evidence, and next step.
- Follow a path from post to appointment; Record the problem points and how to measure after repair.
Required output: 01 channel role copy, 03 purposeful content, 01 checked scheduling itinerary.
Action: For 7 days: test publish a small group of content, test your journey, and read real feedback.
Check your own understanding
Is it possible to add up the buyers self-reported by each platform to get the total new customers?
See suggested answer
Do not add directly because it may be the same person and different source attribution rules. The total number of new customers needs to be compared according to a Spa customer code and transaction.
Chapter 7 deals with the next step: how are interested persons advised and cared for?
CHAPTER 07 · P32–P37
From questioner to returning customer
Customers are lacking information, not suitable or not feeling secure?
After this chapter, you can
- Distinguishing a quantitative measurement funnel from an experience journey.
- Handover design from Marketing to consulting and service.
- Establish procedures for post-session follow-up and return measurements.
Understanding the mechanism
The funnel and the journey complement each other
The funnel shows how many people go from the previous step to the next step. The journey explains where guests think, ask, do and get stuck. A low number helps determine where to look; Reading conversations and new experiences helps form causal hypotheses.
Consulting to help customers make appropriate decisions
Start with the customer's needs and concerns, clarify the service scope, duration, cost and next options. Suggestions based on what is understood; Check that the customer has the information before confirming. If not suitable, write down the reason and handling instructions; Don't force customers to accept a package just to achieve a closing rate.
Customer retention begins before the first purchase
Appropriate promises create reasonable expectations; Consistent implementation creates trust; Follow-up after the session helps detect problems. Calendar reminders must be based on the customer's needs and consent. Returning needs to mean that the customer continues to receive value, not just the number of care messages sent.
A seamless guest profile turns the Marketing promise into a service experience.
Application to Spa
Minimum handover at An Nhien
Marketing transfers customer sources, viewed content, self-stated needs and recipients. Consult additional questions, select acceptable customers, agreed price and appointment schedule. Service personnel view necessary information, record experiences and follow up after the session. Each step has a responsible person.
Short exchange form
"Where are you looking to improve your care experience and how long does this session take? I'll send you the service, duration and total cost for you to review in advance. If it's suitable, I'll choose a convenient time; is there anything you're wondering about?" This is a conversation frame that needs to be adjusted according to the answer, not mechanical reading.
Handling guests who do not arrive
With 80 schedules and 60 arrivals in the example, check the remaining 20 schedules: canceled, postponed or no-show; whether the notice was received; Is the appointment time appropriate? Guests who reschedule should not be counted as permanently lost. Keep statistical rules clear to avoid increasing rates just because of changing the counting method.
Tracking returns in groups of sufficient time
Definition before the window, for example, return to purchase within 60 days from the first time. If out of 30 customers in a group that has completed 60 days of observation, 12 people buy again, the rate is 40%. Do not take all new customers at the end of the month without enough time as the denominator and conclude that customer retention is poor.
Practice sheet · Procedures for consultation, handover and post-session care
- Record information to be transferred between Marketing / consulting / serving; recipient step by step.
- Prepare a frame to ask the need, explain the value and confirm the schedule according to a service.
- Back definition; tracking window; Conditions for customers to receive calendar reminders.
Required output: 01 handover process, 01 consulting framework, 01 rule for measuring returning customers.
Action: In 7 days: read 10 unscheduled conversations and compare 10 records after the session to choose a correction point.
Check your own understanding
Is it good to increase closing rate by urging customers to buy unsuitable packages?
See suggested answer
No. Coverage, complaints, returns, experience and returns should be tracked as well; Individual closing rates do not reflect decision quality.
Chapter 8 assigns these tasks to a team appropriate to the Spa's scale.
CHAPTER 08 · P38–P46
Organize your team and hire the right roles
If the person in charge leaves, can the work continue?
After this chapter, you can
- Separate job group from number of titles.
- Output delivery, decision authority, and handover point.
- Recruit or outsource based on proof of competency.
Understanding the mechanism
From what needs to be done to the right person
Spa needs direction, content, image, attraction, consultation, data and care. One person can take on many roles depending on capacity and ability. Organizational chart describes responsibilities; That doesn't mean a small Spa has to recruit each position on the poster separately.
A task must have an owner
For each task, write the person who did it, the person who approved it, the output, the due date, and where it will be saved. The handover recipient needs to know when there is enough information to proceed. Decision-making authority also needs to be clear: who changes the content, who approves the budget, and who gets to adjust the schedule or incentive level?
Competency assessment by work
CV shows context, does not prove ability. Ask what part the candidate did, in what time, with what budget and with what results; See products that have hidden sensitive data. Use the same short exercise and criteria for candidates in the same role. Do not take the number of years of work as a substitute for the ability to meet output.
Clearly assign tasks and how to check them before hiring more people or outsourcing.
Application to Spa
Assumed configuration for small Spa
Spa owner keeps goals, promises and budget. One person makes content and compiles numbers; Consulting staff keeps appointments and provides feedback; Technician records service and post-session information. Design or advertising can be hired when needed, but accounts, data and handover rules must still be clearly managed.
Sample assignment letter
Output: three articles answering questions about care session length. Input: five anonymous real questions and approved service information. Deadline: Thursday. Approved by: Spa owner. Criteria: correct information, easy to understand, appropriate evidence and contact steps. How to track: the source of the questioner and the questions arising from the content.
Recruitment practice exercise
For a hypothetical situation there are 200 inquirers, 80 calendars, 60 arrivals and 30 buyers. Ask candidates to state three additional questions, one priority with a reason and one output they can do themselves. Score the ability to read data, understand customers, execute and present clearly; Don't ask to do a complete campaign for free.
Coordination and acceptance
Each week's briefing uses the same number sheet: what happened, where is the evidence, what changes, who did it and when to review? When outsourcing, agree on account authority, budget, deliverable documents, outcome definitions and how to handle miscommunication. A good report needs to compare with customer records.
Practice sheet · Role roster and job description
- List five core tasks; Record the person who did it, the person who approved it, and the output of each job.
- Select a handover or break point; Record conditions for sufficient information and response deadline.
- Write a description of the role to be filled or hired; State the practice exercises and acceptance criteria.
Required output: 01 role roster, 01 handover rules, 01 job description with output.
Action: In 7 days: try operating for a week using the role board; Record any overlaps or omissions.
Check your own understanding
If a spa has six job groups, does it require six employees?
See suggested answer
No. Can be concurrent or outsourced as appropriate, but each output and handover point must have someone responsible.
Chapter 9 helps the whole team read a table of numbers and diagnose the problem correctly.
CHAPTER 09 · P47–P49
Measure effectiveness and find root causes
Which number shows what the Spa needs to fix first?
After this chapter, you can
- Calculate conversion rate and cost to acquire new customers.
- Distinguish revenue from balance after expenses.
- Use fishbone diagrams to create and test hypotheses.
Understanding the mechanism
Number table needs common definition
An inquirer is an individual guest who has expressed a need during the period, not a message. Appointment schedule requires confirmation; New buyers need the first transaction recorded according to uniform rules. Finalize sources, periods and how to handle reschedules, duplicate guests, cancellations or refunds before comparing rates.
Measure costs according to the selected range
Cost of acquiring a new customer = total acquisition cost identified / number of new buyers of the corresponding group. If you only charge advertising fees, clearly state that it is the cost of advertising on buyers; Don't call it the full cost of having guests. Revenue from advertising expenditure does not mean profit because there are product, service and operating costs.
Fishbone creates a hypothesis, the cause has not been proven
Start with a narrow problem with data, such as a low query-to-schedule rate. List the capabilities in terms of people, processes, services, values, channels and messages. The branches in the poster have been adjusted for Spa. To choose the cause, you need to read the records, observe or try an appropriate change. [6]
Measure the same way, verify with data, and correct each valid point.
Application to Spa
Read An Nhien's effectiveness
With 12 million VND total Marketing expenditure and 30 new customers, the cost of having one customer is 400,000 VND. First revenue is 30 x 600,000 = 18 million. Variable costs are 30 x 240,000 = 7.2 million. 10.8 million remaining before Marketing; After subtracting 12 million, there is negative 1.2 million, not including fixed costs.
Testing a hypothesis
The spa assumes that the unknown schedule confirmation is causing customers not to come. The team reads 20 unscheduled appointments, distinguishes between rescheduled and canceled schedules, then tests the confirmation content with address, time, duration and how to notify the change. Follow along with counting; Don't edit price, audience, and content at the same time if you want to understand the impact of calendar reminders.
Sensitivity analysis, not considered prediction
If 80 schedules remain the same and the arrival rate increases from 75% to 90%, there will be 72 arrivals. If the purchase rate is still 50%, the number of buyers is 36; The cost for guests is about 333,333 VND. The balance of contributions after Marketing is 36 x 360,000 - 12 million = 960,000 VND, not yet deducting fixed costs. Actual results may vary as assumptions may not hold.
Limits of comparison
A better week may be due to a change in customer base, season, or consultant. Record these factors; When qualified, compare equivalent groups and change limits. The small sample only gives a signal for further investigation. Always consider coverage, return, response, and capacity when deciding to expand.
Practice sheet · Test sheet for improving an index
- Specific problem; numerator, denominator, measurement period and background data.
- Priority hypothesis; proof; a change will try and keep things stable.
- Implementer, expense limit, check date, sub-index, and continue or stop condition.
Required output: 01 general index table, 01 effective calculation, 01 test with verifiable method.
Action: In 7 days: check data quality and try a small change; Record results that are not as expected.
Check your own understanding
Does 18 million in revenue and 12 million in marketing expenses mean a profit of 6 million?
See suggested answer
No. It is also necessary to calculate the costs of products, services and related expenses; For this example, there is 10.8 million before Marketing, so negative 1.2 million after Marketing, before fixed costs.
Chapter 10 consolidates the whole into a plan that can be presented, critiqued, and implemented.
CHAPTER 10 · P50–P51
Project: building a Marketing system for Spa
Can you defend your plan with customers and numbers?
After this chapter, you can
- Synthesize ten outputs into one seamless plan.
- Critique assumptions and prioritize by resource.
- Establish implementation, testing, and adjustment cycles.
Understanding the mechanism
From poster to decision
Each model addresses one question. Needs and insights help understand customers; SWOT, 3C and STP support selection; value map and 7Ps of experience design; journey and conversion organization funnel; Role assignment and number chart help with implementation. Using it at the right time will create a consistent system.
Project structure
Select a Spa, a service and a primary clientele. Present the current status, customer evidence, market options, positioning, services, journeys, channels, resources, budget and measurements. When data is missing, write the assumption along with the verification plan. Do not turn assumptions into real numbers to make the plan look more convincing.
Completion criteria
Others must understand why that customer group was chosen, what value is created, who does each job, and when to adjust. The project is successful when the logic between the parts matches and can be tested within available resources. Business results still need to be verified after implementation.
After studying, you must create a plan that can be assigned, measured, and improved.
Application to Spa
10 minute presentation
Two minutes stating the current situation and other evidence. Two minutes to explain how to choose a group of guests to locate together. Two minutes of service and itinerary presentation. Two minutes on implementation, budget and who is responsible. The last two minutes state the metrics, risk assumptions, and initial testing.
Five critical questions
Which guest provided evidence? Why do they choose Spa instead of other options? Do costs and capacity match goals? What will the team do when the questioner hasn't scheduled yet? Will you stop or correct any part if the first two weeks show that the assumption is wrong? Each answer needs specific data or verification.
21-day practice roadmap
Days 1–4: assess the current situation and talk with clients. Days 5–8: finalize positioning, services and baseline data. Days 9–13: complete the content, handover process and measurement methods. Days 14–18: test implementation within the agreed scope. Days 19–21: consolidate results, review the work and finalize the plan for the next 30 days.
Post-course management rhythm
Every week update the same number table and read some guest profiles. Each month recheck assumptions about guests, service efficiency and capacity. Only expand when the experience, data, and service capabilities are clear enough. New budgets need to be tied to a verifiable rationale.
Practice sheet · Action plan and implementation commitment
- State customer selection, values and goals; Point out the three most important pieces of evidence.
- List three priority jobs, job holders, deadlines, and resources.
- State the most important assumption; how to check; date of presentation of results and subsequent decision.
Required output: 01 Spa Marketing project, 01 30-day implementation plan, 01 inspection schedule.
Action: During the 7 days post-study: carry out an agreed-upon small experiment and present the resulting evidence.
Check your own understanding
A beautiful project but no one to carry it out and is the measurement completed yet?
See suggested answer
Not yet. Additional assignments, resources, checkpoints, metric definitions, and how to handle wrong assumptions need to be added.
Use the appendix to quickly select a model; Use practice sheets to continue improving your Spa.
APPENDIX · P52
Select the model according to the question to be solved
The long poster is an extended search version. Click on the poster to read it in width and scroll down; There is no need to use every model for a plan.
| Question in progress | Recommended model |
|---|
| What environment and pressures impact? | SWOT, PESTLE, Porter's 5 pressures |
| What do customers need, what are they worried about? | Maslow, insight, value map |
| Who should we serve and how should we differentiate? | 3C, STP, cognitive map, USP |
| Is the service and experience consistent? | 3 grades / 5 value levels, 4P, 7P |
| How do content and channels coordinate? | AIDA, PESO, 5A, passenger travel |
| Where does the customer fall, why? | Funnel, KPI, fishbone |
| How to organize and plan? | Role assignment, SMART, SOSTAC, 7S |
| In what direction should the portfolio be developed? | Service Lifecycle, BCG, Ansoff |
Three limitations to remember
BCG uses market growth and relative market share; The Spa's own sales are not enough to fill the box. [7] Perception maps require guest perception data; The blank space on the map does not prove there is a need. The service lifecycle is a way of looking at developments; One month of reduced sales is not enough to conclude that the service is in decline.
In Ansoff, four directions are distinguished: existing services / existing markets; new services/existing markets; existing services/new markets; both the service and the market are new. The shortened version on the poster combines two development directions into one line.